2. Define and compare the main Indian Yoga’s.

Yoga is complex process and affecting all life aspects: biological, intellectual, ethical, spiritual and transcendental. According to inclinations, prepossessions or needs, there are possible (sometimes even necessary) more active process in one of abovementioned spheres.
Thus several Yoga paths are recognized. Although they are immensely overlapping and interpenetrating each other, most of sources classifying them as following:

Jnana-Yoga (“Jnana” from Sanskrit is – knowledge, perception, wisdom)
Yoga of spiritual knowledge and wisdom. Disciplines of Jnana-Yoga are study and meditation. People with intellectual temperament are attracted to this path.

Bhakti-Yoga (“Bhakti” from Sanskrit is – pure devotion)
Yoga of strongly focused love, devotion and worship at its finest. Usually, people with devotional temperament choosing to follow this path. Disciplines are those of rites and singing the songs of praise.

Karma-Yoga ( “Karma” from Sanskrit is – deed , action )
Yoga of selfless action and service. The most eloquent exposition is the Lord Krisna’s instruction of the prince Arjuna in the Bhagavat Ghita.

Mantra-Yoga (“Mantra” is sound-symbol, incantation ) in Mantra Yoga practices conscious influenced through repeating aloud or inwardly certain syllables, words or phrases during meditation. Rhythmic repetition of mantras called japa

Yantra-Yoga (“Yantra” is geometrically designed visual symbol)
Here sight and form used to influence the conscious. Practitioner concentrate on certain visual symbols during meditation.

Laya and Kundalini Yoga (“Kundalini” or “Kundalini shakti” – psychic nerve force latent in the body.“Laya” – dissolution or absorption of the mind)
The goal of the practices in Kundalini Yoga is to awaken potential energy of a person, this energy – Kundalini shakti is coiled below the base of the spine.Using special techniques, which combines a lot of Hatha Yoga techniques, certain pranayama techniques and deep devotion kundalini shakti shall be taken up the spine through all power centers - chakras , till it reaches the chakra in the crown of the head – Sahasrara, when intuitive enlightenment is triggered.

Tantric Yoga (“Tantra” – the ancient science and philosophy, that expand the mind, and disenttangle potential energy and inner consciousness from the matter.)
Tantric Yoga were spread mainly in Northern India and Tibet. Of all the Yogas, techniques of Tantric Yoga are guarded most closely. Control of the sexual energies has a prominent part, and the union of male and female has a ritualistic role.

Hatha Yoga (Word derives from two words “Ha” – sun , and “Tha” – moon )
The flow of breath in right nostril is called –the “sun breath”, and the flow of breath in the left nostril is – “moon breath”. Central to all Hatha Yoga disciplines is the regulation of breath, the harmonizing of its positive (sun) and negative (moon) or male and female currents.
Hatha Yoga can be viewed as a hygiene aims to purify total organism, to prepare it for further practice and enlightenment experience.
This is the most practiced Yoga in “Western” countries probably because it’s the most practical one. Literally anyone can practice Hatha Yoga. It isn’t require specific physical , mental, ethic or spiritual condition to start practicing Hatha Yoga , but with regular practice person always progresses in all this panes, becoming healthier physically, more balanced and stronger emotionally calmer mentally and therefore naturally understanding necessarity of higher moral standards and as a result accepting and applying them in his own life thus becoming spiritually healthier person. Very often even people who started practicing Hatha Yoga only for it’s physical benefits after some time continuing personal development on next levels as well, implementing techniques and practice others Yogic paths , such as Raja , Jnana , Bhakti, Karma and so on.
The practice includes: shatkarma- cleaning techniques, pranayama - breathing techniques, Asana -postures exercising and concentration techniques ( preparation to meditation).

Raja Yoga ( “Raja” –king , royal )
This Yoga considered royal, because by means of it’s disciplines Yogi becomes master or ruler of his own mind. Raja Yoga closely associated with the systematization of Yoga techniques by Patanjali in his “Yoga sutras”. He describes the 8 limbs or steps -Yoga (Astanga Yoga). Unlike Hatha Yoga, in Raja (Astanga) Yoga Yogi have to start from mastering yogic morals and ethics – yama, niyama then continue with Asanas , Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. Thus Raja Yoga includes Hatha Yoga within its system.